In the 1990s, there was a lot of reform, and there was a lot of forward movement on a lot of fronts in Russia. There was fundamental economic reform. There was a new constitution and an electoral system built from scratch. But the judicial system was probably the most difficult to reform.

Masha Gessen

War Men Us

Dictators fall when they're overconfident; they stay in power when they're paranoid.

Masha Gessen

Power T Stay

Autocratic power requires the degradation of moral authority - not the capture of moral high ground.

Masha Gessen

Power UN Thor

Of course, Oliver Stone is not Donald Trump. But he shares with him a certain way of seeing the world and being in the world - and the luxury of persisting in this way of being, and even making a spectacle of it.

Masha Gessen

World Wit Way

I worked both as a Russian journalist and an American journalist and ran a bunch of magazines in Moscow over the course of about 20 years.

Masha Gessen

Work Years Year

We learn to think of history as something that has already happened, to other people. Our own moment, filled as it is with minutiae destined to be forgotten, always looks smaller in comparison.

Masha Gessen

Mom Men History

Resignation was the defining condition of Soviet life.

Masha Gessen

Life T Soviet

Trump very much wants to be liked by Putin and I think sincerely admires him. Putin doesn't know how to deal with somebody who positions himself like that.

Masha Gessen

Wit Who Wants

Putin, I believe, was actually born to be a KGB agent. And I say born because I think that his father was also an agent of the secret police in Russia.

Masha Gessen

Age Use Us

Trump, like Putin, has a demonstrably thin skin and short temper when it comes to being criticized by journalists.

Masha Gessen

Trump Tin Thin

Russia, at the start of the 21st century, at least in its larger cities, very much resembled the United States of the early 1990s: being gay was no longer criminal or shameful, but it was still not a topic for polite conversation or public discussion.

Masha Gessen

Art Very Us

There's the hypothesis that things just keep happening to Russians, things that keep turning them into the same kind of subjects, as opposed to citizens. The more credible hypothesis, I think, is that there is a kind of trauma, a social trauma that is passed on from generation to generation.

Masha Gessen

Zen Us Turning

I would much rather engage people in a conversation about deregulation and reversals of women's rights and civil rights and LGBT rights than conversations about Russian interference.

Masha Gessen

Women Men Age

Putin was very careful to gradually sort of rotate people in and out of power, to make sure that he had competent bureaucrats by his side at all times, to keep the machine running.

Masha Gessen

Time Power Pet

I kept thinking, I'm not going to do political journalism, because there's no way to keep my principles and be a political journalist, so I'll edit a popular science magazine. This will be my salvation, and I'll emerge with my integrity intact. That didn't even happen.

Masha Gessen

Science Wit Will

I looked at Putin and was terrified from the very beginning. That makes me look very prescient because he actually turned out to be exactly the monster that I thought he was.

Masha Gessen

Very Use Us

Russians didn't elect Trump. Even if there was collusion, even if every hypothesis that has - that is at play in the Russia investigation is proved, still, Americans elected Trump, and he is president.

Masha Gessen

Vest Very Us

Since 9/11 we have somehow come to accept the 'radicalization' narrative, which basically holds that people become terrorists through a series of consecutive, traceable steps laid out for them by large international Islamic organizations. Reality is messier, and also smaller.

Masha Gessen

Which Trace Through

It's not just that both Putin and Trump lie, it is that they lie in the same way and for the same purpose: blatantly, to assert power over truth itself.

Masha Gessen

Truth Power Way

There is no law that guarantees press access to the White House. Communication was lessening during the Obama years. There was every reason to suspect that Trump was going to create an adversarial relationship and that people were going to be faced with the impossible dilemma between sort-of-complicity and access.

Masha Gessen

Relationship Communication Years

Most Russians actually were living much better by the end of the 1990s than by the beginning of the 1990s. Most Russians were no longer confronting food shortages.

Masha Gessen

Food Age Were

In 'Chernobyl,' which was created and written by Craig Mazin and directed by Johan Renck, the material culture of the Soviet Union is reproduced with an accuracy that has never before been seen in Western television or film - or, for that matter, in Russian television or film.

Masha Gessen

Of course, Putin may well have reasons for wanting Trump to be president - not least Trump's apparent skepticism toward NATO and his lack of opposition to Russia's military interventions in Ukraine and Syria.

Masha Gessen

Every time I talk to somebody about Putin, it's like, 'But isn't he vastly popular?' Is that really the most important question? I mean, we can unpack his popularity. I think it's manufactured. I think it's manufactured through totalitarian mechanisms.

Masha Gessen

I was a political journalist for a long time. I wrote a book about Putin. I made all kinds of trouble.

Masha Gessen

You know, I don't walk home alone at night. If I drive into our courtyard after dark, I ask my partner to come outside with the dog to meet me. Those are, you know, basic sort of urban precautions.

Masha Gessen

The thing about the Russian secret police and the Soviet secret police is that one never leaves the secret police. Once a KGB man, always a KGB man.

Masha Gessen

Donald Trump ran for autocrat, he didn't run for president. The first thing in autocrat does is take over the media, or alienate the media, which is what Trump is doing, he is doing it actively.

Masha Gessen

There are a couple of ways to use the word democracy, and the way that I think is productive is to think about democracy as not a state that can actually be achieved, but as an ideal.

Masha Gessen

I realized - I've been an opposition journalist in Russia for a long time. And I've often considered how real risks are and how much of a risk I can take.

Masha Gessen

The most difficult and, in some ways, the most rewarding thing I've ever been through was emigrating as a teenager.

Masha Gessen

I had a very humane, what the great Russian poet Anna Akhmatova would probably have called 'vegetarian,' experience of migration. It involved planes and trains - the actual compartments of passenger trains - and not grueling walking and riding on the roofs of trains.

Masha Gessen

In the 1990s, there was a lot of reform, and there was a lot of forward movement on a lot of fronts in Russia. There was fundamental economic reform. There was a new constitution and an electoral system built from scratch. But the judicial system was probably the most difficult to reform.

Masha Gessen

My family immigrated to the States in 1981, when I was 14.

Masha Gessen

To exercise ignorance, racist prejudice, a love of power and total disregard for factual accuracy, one has to inhabit a world where everything can mean anything and nothing is certain.

Masha Gessen

Nobody knows what self-radicalized means, and that's one of the weird things about the way that we talk about terrorism. We talk about radicalization as though it were a thing, as though you could sort of track it and identify it, and that's not the case.

Masha Gessen

Fact checking Donald Trump is a really... It is kind of fun but it is ungratifying because nothing checks out.

Masha Gessen

There's something structurally integrated with foreign coverage. Reporters often default to thinking of their government as the sort of ultimate authority.

Masha Gessen

The Soviet system of propaganda and censorship existed not so much for the purpose of spreading a particular message as for the purpose of making learning impossible, replacing facts with mush, and handing the faceless state a monopoly on defining an ever-shifting reality.

Masha Gessen

It is so impossible to predict how much influence what you write will have, and what sorts of anxieties and imaginaries it will tap into.

Masha Gessen

First of all, radical beliefs are not a predictor of terrorist behavior: most people who hold radical beliefs never become terrorists, and some terrorists don't hold radical beliefs.

Masha Gessen

To effectively create the image of an enemy you have to show first of all that the enemy is extremely dangerous, but on the other hand less than human.

Masha Gessen

I think that Russian meddling in the election is an important issue.

Masha Gessen

I mean, hunger strike is almost a ritual in a Russian prison colony. It actually has been going back to Soviet times. It's a way of protesting.

Masha Gessen

In war you're either a collaborator or you're a resistor. I mean you don't get to be neutral.

Masha Gessen

I have a little hope that the nuclear holocaust doesn't happen.

Masha Gessen

Basically, Trump's significant first moves have been twofold. To marginalize the media, and to start dismantling the federal government.

Masha Gessen

I do a very good impersonation of an American - I went to high school here - but I've spent most of my life in Russia.

Masha Gessen

I think that when you emigrate, when everything you took for granted disappears, it's a kind of loss of innocence. When you're a kid, the world as you know it is just there. Suddenly, you emigrate and that's no longer the case. It's a break in reality that parachutes you into adulthood.

Masha Gessen

It seems that probably Putin's father maintained some connection to the secret police throughout his life. One sign of that is that they had a telephone, and people didn't have telephones in the Soviet Union in the 1950s.

Masha Gessen

St. Petersburg, under the czars, had been a grand city. It was a planned city, and it had - there were all these Parisian architects who had been brought in to build the apartment buildings in the center of town.

Masha Gessen