In the field of astronomy in the mid-'60s, quasars were very sexy objects - gigantic, star-like masses about which little was known. I was a graduate research student at Cambridge working towards my Ph.D. and chose quasars as the subject for my thesis. Part of my project involved surveying the sky for them using a radio telescope.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

There is stardust in your veins. We are literally, ultimately children of the stars.

The universe is very big - there's about 100,000 million galaxies in the universe, so that means an awful lot of stars. And some of them, I'm pretty certain, will have planets where there was life, is life, or maybe will be life. I don't believe we're alone.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Life Alone Will

A search for truth seems to me to be full of pitfalls. We all have different understandings of what truth is, and we'll each believe - or we are in danger of each believing - that our truth is the one and only absolute truth, which is why I say it's full of pitfalls.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Truth Anger Why

Solar storms cause power outages. They pose a hazard to satellites. They might interfere with your GPS or send your compass a couple of degrees off course. But I don't think solar storms are a life-threatening event.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Power Life Age

Arguably, my student status and perhaps my gender were also my downfall with respect to the Nobel Prize, which was awarded to Professor Antony Hewish and Professor Martin Ryle. At the time, science was still perceived as being carried out by distinguished men.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

War Time Science

The more diverse a research group or a business, the more robust it is, the more flexible it is, and the better it succeeds.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Business Verse Us

Some of the hydrogen in your body comes from the Big Bang, and when you see a kid walking down the street with a helium balloon, you can say, 'There goes some of the primordial universe.'

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Your Body Your You

When I went to my local grammar school, Lurgan College, girls were not encouraged to study science. My parents hit the roof and, along with other parents, demanded a curriculum change.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Science Courage Change

Once a star dies, it's gone forever. There are no new stars to take its place. Eventually, there will be no stars, and the universe will turn black. That really will be the end.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Will Verse Vent

Demarcation disputes between supervisor and student are always difficult, probably impossible to resolve... it is the supervisor who has the final responsibility for the success or failure of the project.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Success Failure Who

It's now widely recognised that a diverse research group is usually stronger, more creative, and more robust and flexible. Such a group usually copes better in a downturn.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Widely Wide Verse

I do suspect we are going to get signs of life elsewhere, but how well prepared are we for this? Have we thought how we will approach them? We need to start thinking about that.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Life Art Will

We still don't know what about 96 per cent of the universe is made of. It is dark matter and dark energy, but we have no idea what it is.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Verse Universe UN

Although we don't know what is outside our universe, astronomers still wonder. Several pictures of what there might be have been dreamed up. An interesting one, called multiverse, has lots of universes. Picture it as a foam of bubbles. Our universe would be one bubble, and we'd be surrounded by lots of other bubbles.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Would Wonder Won

We live inside our universe and cannot get a bird's-eye view of it from outside. And we cannot even see all of our universe. Distant parts of it are expanding away from us so fast that they are invisible; they go faster than the speed of light. Having bigger telescopes to see fainter stars will not help us here: invisible is truly invisible.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Art Will We Cannot

Britain has still got rather fewer astronomers than many other countries - the French and the Italians, for example. Why is that? I don't think those countries have better brains.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Why UN Till

Women of my generation who've stayed in science have done it by playing the men at their own game.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Women Science Men

I know from another pulsar astronomer who won the Nobel that you get no peace. You're asked about every subject under the sun. It quite wrecks your life.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Peace Life Your

I'm the eldest of four children: a brother next after me and then two sisters.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Two Then T

I positively encourage time abroad to anybody. It's worth taking the time to suss out which countries in the world are well funded for your subject and look for opportunities there.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Time Positive Courage

My generation was the turning point. Women older than us didn't expect to have jobs or careers; those younger did. But we were where it was changing - which is interesting but uncomfortable.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

In the field of astronomy in the mid-'60s, quasars were very sexy objects - gigantic, star-like masses about which little was known. I was a graduate research student at Cambridge working towards my Ph.D. and chose quasars as the subject for my thesis. Part of my project involved surveying the sky for them using a radio telescope.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

One of the hazards of making a major discovery early in your career is the burden of expectation, not helped in my case by becoming a wife and mother soon afterwards. I'm sure some people think it was a flash in the pan.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

If it wasn't for the stars, we would not be here.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

If you'd got a very conservative Republican in power, they might not be happy about some of the scientific research going on, because it conflicts with their fundamental beliefs.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

When I got engaged to be married, it was assumed that I would quit science and be a housewife. It was considered shameful if a married woman had to work - it implied that her husband couldn't earn enough to keep her.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

There are some countries where there is not an issue with women in physics. Malaysia, for example, has physics departments where 60 per cent of undergraduates are female, and France and Italy are strong, too. It is not about ability but more about what the culture says is appropriate.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

I may not have got the Nobel Prize, but I've won countless other awards, including 'Most Inspirational Living Woman Scientist.'

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Throughout my working life, I've been either one of very few women or the most senior woman in the place.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

In Quakerism, your understanding of God is revised in light of your own experience, while in research science, you revise your model in light of data from experiments.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

We all have fundamental beliefs of one sort or another, and it is very threatening if somebody is saying they're wrong.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

If you look at other countries, you'll find lots of girls doing physics, engineering, and science. It's something to do with the kind of culture we have in the English-speaking world about what's appropriate for each of the two sexes.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

When I started secondary school, it was assumed that the girls would do domestic science and the boys would do science, and I wasn't too happy with that.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

I was born in Northern Ireland, also known as Ulster, and I'm Scots-Irish, therefore.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

My father was an architect.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

We didn't get television until quite late, the late fifties, but we had radio, and I can remember listening to the Korean War news on the radio with my family and sensing the anxiety of the adults although not understanding it myself, not understanding exactly what was going on.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

I didn't always have research jobs.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

I am very conscious that, having worked part time, having had a rather disrupted career, my research record is a good deal patchier than any man's of a comparable age.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

That is one of the things that has come out of the discovery of pulsars - more knowledge about the space between the stars.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

I became conscious in later life that I had been given an education that enabled me to do all kinds of jobs, but often, jobs weren't open to me.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Science is a quest for understanding.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

People are suspicious of science. They see it as being responsible for problems like the degradation of our climate. There is also a strand in society that says physics is terribly hard.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

I believe it would demean Nobel Prizes if they were awarded to research students, except in very exceptional cases.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

As observatory architect, my dad was partly concerned with the maintenance of them all. I used to go with him on site visits quite often, from age 7 or 8. I have memories of crawling through the rafters of the old building, trying to find where the leak in the roof was.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

My thesis project was to identify quasars, which are very distant, very energetic objects and still quite mysterious.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Radio astronomers are aware in the back of their minds that if there are other civilizations out there in space, it might be the radio astronomers who first pick up the signal.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

I think failing the qualifying or the 11-plus actually hurt me more than I realised. After I'd become a professor of physics at the Open University, I suddenly thought, 'This is a bit silly.' So I suddenly became much more open about it. But I think probably I was hurt by the failure and didn't want to talk about it.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

I'm one of the few women in science. I have pioneered that. One of the things I worry about is what that pioneering has done to me. I have had to fight quite hard most of the way through life.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

I think a spell abroad for anybody is incredibly useful. It gives you a great sense of perspective, and you see other ways of doing things.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Pulsars are in an ideal part of the universe to test Einstein's theory of relativity - so far, it's holding up well. They may even one day act as navigational beacons for spacecraft. I'll never tire of them; they really are the most extraordinary objects.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell