I know that my race must change.

I will obey every law, or submit to the penalty.

I pressed my father's hand and told him I would protect his grave with my life. My father smiled and passed away to the spirit land.

My father... had sharper eyes than the rest of our people.

The Indian race are waiting and praying.

We gave up some of our country to the white men, thinking that then we could have peace. We were mistaken. The white man would not let us alone.

I said in my heart that, rather than have war, I would give up my country.

A man who would not love his father's grave is worse than a wild animal.

I know that my race must change.

It required a strong heart to stand up against such talk, but I urged my people to be quiet and not to begin a war.

We gathered all the stock we could find, and made an attempt to move. We left many of our horses and cattle in Wallowa. We lost several hundred in crossing the river.

The white men told lies for each other. They drove off a great many of our cattle. Some branded our young cattle so they could claim them.

When an Indian fights, he only shoots to kill.

We did not know there were other people besides the Indian until about one hundred winters ago, when some men with white faces came to our country.

We had good white friends who advised us against taking the war path. My friend and brother, Mr. Chapman, told us just how the war would end.

I labored hard to avoid trouble and bloodshed.

When my young men began the killing, my heart was hurt.

War can be avoided, and it ought to be avoided. I want no war.

General Howard informed me, in a haughty spirit, that he would give my people 30 days to go back home, collect all their stock, and move onto the reservation.

We had a great many horses, of which we gave Lewis and Clark what they needed, and they gave us guns and tobacco in return.

An Indian respects a brave man, but he despises a coward.

I want the white people to understand my people.

The first white men of your people who came to our country were named Lewis and Clark. They brought many things that our people had never seen. They talked straight. These men were very kind.

I saw clearly that war was upon us when I learned that my young men had been secretly buying ammunition.

I only ask of the government to be treated as all other men are treated.

We damaged all the big guns we could, and carried away the powder and the lead.

Our people could not talk with these white-faced men, but they used signs which all people understand.

We soon found that the white men were growing rich very fast, and were greedy.

Lawyer acted without authority from our band. He had no right to sell the Wallowa country.

I would have given my own life if I could have undone the killing of white men by my people.

I cannot tell how much my heart suffered for my people while at Leavenworth.